In what year Formula 1 car introduced a servo/power steering rack and pinion driving method?

[theriusDR3]

Manual steering


Servo/power steering

Early days F1 car utilized manual steering rack and pinion driving method to test driving skills. Nowadays F1 car utilizing servo/power steering rack and pinion driving method.

[jjn9128]

Not sure but somewhere in the 90s, according to the Honda 3rd era papers:

Power steering had been used in Formula One since the early 1990s, in order to respond to the increased steering force resulting from advances in aerodynamics and increased tire grip. From 1994, the use of this system was limited to the provision of assistance to the driver's physical effort. Initially, electronic power steering (EPS) systems were allowed if they satisfied this condition, and from the 12th round of the 2000 season through 2001, Honda led other teams in using a Formula One EPS system in racing. However, because of the challenge represented by the verification of and judgement on the details of the control, making is possible that the systems incorporated control that functioned as a driver aid, the use of EPS was entirely prohibited from 2002, and hydraulic power steering systems are now used exclusively in Formula One.

[saviour stivala]

‘Rack and pinion steering system’ + ‘Rack and pinion power steering system’. In 1911 the Lanchester was 'tiller-steered' with 6 lbs of lead in the handle.In 1894 Paris-Rouen trial M. Vacherois Panhard was wheel-steered. It is said that in around 1828 Pecqueur waggon had a ‘rack and pinion steering’. At the Senna accident trail in Italy, Damon Hill testified that Williams did not have power steering in 1993. But Damon Hill later also said that he had not experienced any problem with oversteer at San Marino GP, BUT added that Patrik Head had told him to switch off his power steering as he waited on the grid, after Senna’s accident, at the re-start of the race. Arrows is said to have been the last team running without power steering in 1997. Electric power steering was banned in 2002.

[Jolle]

Probably around the time F1 started to use avionic style hydraulics to operate everything on the car. So, in conjunction with active suspension etc.

[JordanMugen]

Nowadays F1 car utilizing servo/power steering rack and pinion driving method.

Minardi still had manual steering in the early 00's, so it was probably around the mid to late 90's that downforce levels became sufficient for engineers to feel a need to add power steering to the top cars.

[Indycar and Formula Two still use manual steering, as the downforce loads are not sufficient to warrant an assisted rack.]

[saviour stivala]

Power steering was first used in 1988 by the Liger JS31 designed by Michel Tetu and Michel Beaujon it was powered by the normally aspirated 3.5l Judd CV-V8 and used Goodyear tyres.

[SteeringWheelGuy]

Actually, IndyCar doesn't need or want power steering due to the hysteresis involved with power steering's feedback-robbing complexity.

By shifting out of the Friction Paradigm into the Leverage Paradigm at the HMI (Human Machine Interface), drivers can move more into their propriceptive sweetspot where the top of the mu-slip curve seems to light up in their minds.

EMG tests showed the force required to turn the wheel is 54% less when the drivers are PROPERLY molded to their steering wheels. As such, power steering is not needed.

When I made Michael Schumacher's steering wheel, Ser #159-F1001, he won the F1 Championship without power steering, no problem. When I made Fernando's 2 steering wheels (Ser.#s 414/415) a couple years ago, my designs were much improved.

However, as F1 remains the most technologically advanced racing organization on the planet, suggesting the removal of an "advanced technology" for what seems to be very primitive alternative...well, it ain't gonna happen, folks...especially since it was invented OUTSIDE of F1's hallowed walls by a "bloody American"!

I'm sure they've seen my work, and a few have tried it only to discover that the way THEY did it, it doesn't work.

As I explained at steering conferences in Berlin, Dusseldorf, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, it's not as easy as it looks.

BONUS: removing a complicated power steering system also removes many potential points of failure; nevermind the drivers feeling the cornering limit with far greater resolution. BUT, that means they'd need to go to the gym more, too!

A pair of composite thermoplastic grips probably weigh a little less than an entire power steering system...I'm guessing.

Nothing beats the feel of a PURE prismatic pair coupling the INSIDE surface of a driver's glove (due to compression) with the molecules of rubber touching the ground using leverage...NOTHING.

[Tommy Cookers]

somewhere Youtube has Nigel Mansell saying ....
"in some parts of some corner(s) I was 40-50 km/hr faster than Riccardo Patrese"

because only NM's great upper body strength allowed steering corrections where DF and steering load were highest
(both drivers in Williams manual steering cars - to 'flat-bottom' rules with active suspension)

[saviour stivala]

''Hammings motor news'' reports that in the 1930's BMW produced the first rack-and-pinion gearbox. The first American manufacturer to use rack-and-pinion steering in production was Ford, which used it for the 1974 Mustang 11 and the 1974 Pinto.
''Power steering'' Frances W. Davis engineer of truck division Pierce-Arrow, is said to had began exploring how steering could be made easier, and in 1926 invented and demonstrated the first practical power-steering system.

[Greg Locock]

" doesn't need or want power steering due to the hysteresis involved with power steering" yes amateurs often struggle with getting good steering feel with HPAS (and even worse with EPAS - some big name manufacturers use the OEM default tables). But in a well designed and calibrated HPAS any slight loss in 'feel' compared with manual steering is compensated for during 2 hours of arm wrestling.

[vorticism]

" doesn't need or want power steering due to the hysteresis involved with power steering" yes amateurs often struggle with getting good steering feel with HPAS (and even worse with EPAS - some big name manufacturers use the OEM default tables). But in a well designed and calibrated HPAS any slight loss in 'feel' compared with manual steering is compensated for during 2 hours of arm wrestling.

I would think the difference between fine and course motor control would make up for any masking of NVH transmission.

[bigpat]

somewhere Youtube has Nigel Mansell saying ....
"in some parts of some corner(s) I was 40-50 km/hr faster than Riccardo Patrese"

because only NM's great upper body strength allowed steering corrections where DF and steering load were highest
(both drivers in Williams manual steering cars - to 'flat-bottom' rules with active suspension)

This into Copse corner in qualifying at Silverstone with the 1992 car. It wasn't down to strength.
The 92 car could exbibit diffuser stall on corner entry, and consequently create oversteer for a moment until the flow re attached. Mansell trusted that the grip would return, where as Patrese didn't trust the car as much.

In the passive 91 car Patrsese was on par with Mansell, as the mechanical car gave normal feedback , where the active cars felt numb. Prost didnt like the feeling the active car gave him either, but put up with it.

Power steering helped with driver fatigue, and was introduced as the steering /caster arms on the uprights were becoming shorter, thus less leverage. that, and the cars were running a little more caster angle which greatly increases steering effort. The smaller diameter steering wheels of pre 95 cars made it worse as well.

[wuzak]

somewhere Youtube has Nigel Mansell saying ....
"in some parts of some corner(s) I was 40-50 km/hr faster than Riccardo Patrese"

because only NM's great upper body strength allowed steering corrections where DF and steering load were highest
(both drivers in Williams manual steering cars - to 'flat-bottom' rules with active suspension)

Patrese said that Mansell "has more bravery, or less imagination, or both".