How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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ubrben
ubrben
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Joined: 28 Feb 2009, 22:31

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Anything regarded as state of the art in dampers was pretty much developed in Champ Car / Indy Car because they race in bumpy circuits and have, for the past few years been a spec series as far as tyres go.

Even when it was a balls out tyre war damper work was massive.

F1 bounce the car on rigs and do simulation then run non-adjustable dampers most of the time. With limited testing time this fundamentally means they can't possibly have an optimum damper from a mechanical grip point of view.

As for recommendation on cambers, temp spreads, pressures as 747heavy has made clear - it is not in my interests to suggest high camber or low pressure that may (or may not) make you faster if it means a failed tyre on TV - end of story. If that happens the commercial justification for racing goes out the window. One brand recommendation are primarily about safety, because there's no such thing as a 100% safe radial racing tyre.

BTW - lots of book educated people will tell you that there is a single optimum pressure and anything either side of it the tyre is terrible. Drivers like this because it gives them an easy out (bad set of tyres...) In my experience the working range inside which the driver isn't sensitive to the pressure can be as much as 0.3 bar.

Ben

DaveW
DaveW
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Joined: 14 Apr 2009, 12:27

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Agree with all of that, Ben.

My only comment is that tyre pressure should be an accepted tuning tool, subject to a safe minimum value, & I regularly suggest to teams that they might like to try pressure changes (usually higher pressures). Such feedback as I have suggests that "endurance" tyres are probably more tolerant of pressure changes than "sprint" tyres. One customer using control tyres claimed that a (relatively small) pressure change I had suggested didn't give him lap time, but did change a "10 lap" tyre into a "60 lap" tyre.

ubrben
ubrben
29
Joined: 28 Feb 2009, 22:31

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Fair point Dave. It's clear that the stiffer the actual carcass is, the less pressure sensitive it will be. My experience is predominantly 18" endurance tyres not softer carcass single seater tyres.

Ben

marcush.
marcush.
159
Joined: 09 Mar 2004, 16:55

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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ubrben wrote:Fair point Dave. It's clear that the stiffer the actual carcass is, the less pressure sensitive it will be. My experience is predominantly 18" endurance tyres not softer carcass single seater tyres.

Ben

I worked with DTM Dunlops some years ago and my drivers were unable to feel the differnce between even no air and recommended pressure..(joking a bit ...to make my point)It was very tough to read this tyre ,admittedly we had not a DTM type car...so the lack of downforce was playing its part.The real trouble started when the suspension was changed from near series to full rosejointed plus a fine set of expensive Öhlins dampers..and the car received a new shell with integrated cage structure..this was the point when the drivers were unable to get any heat into the tyres...

the point of not running in FP1 ..for reasons of not being able to learn something..
is of course not really right.Running in all conditions you willbe able to quantify the effect of the track rubbering in and this should be a great help in knowing WHY your tire works or it does not .
Also there is at least on some venues the chance of a overnight raindownpour so it would make sense also to know what do if that happened
Last edited by marcush. on 15 Jul 2010, 11:32, edited 2 times in total.

autogyro
autogyro
53
Joined: 04 Oct 2009, 15:03

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Very useful Marcush.
I remember similar differences between stock racing saloons and full space frame super saloons.
To a non tyre expert and in very simple terms.
Does this mean that the more the forces move around and the chassis flexes the better the tyres are worked?

Mysticf1
Mysticf1
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Joined: 29 Jan 2010, 17:20

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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I remember in the 97 F1 season tire pressure was commented on quite a lot. Changes of pressure at a tire stop could transform the performance of a car remarkably and sometimes change the outlook of the race....the best example that comes to mind is the infamous Jerez gp....early in the race villeneuve looked to be in trouble and schu was going to win (on merit :P) until the final pitstop where a change in tire pressure transformed villeneuves pace and the opposite for schu.

Is this still a factor in todays races but we just dont hear about it? Or has the knowledge of the engineers removed this variable?

xxChrisxx
xxChrisxx
44
Joined: 18 Sep 2009, 19:22

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Mysticf1 wrote:Is this still a factor in todays races but we just dont hear about it? Or has the knowledge of the engineers removed this variable?
I've not heard it explicity stated, but you'll hear on the radio that engineers ask 'whats the balance like?' before a stop. Depending on the feedback they will alter the tyre pressures and/or wings to suit.

Back in 2005 they had digitally controlled valves to control tyre pressurs on pit stops.

ubrben
ubrben
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Joined: 28 Feb 2009, 22:31

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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In ALMS we have a lot of "fun" dealing with tyre warmers being banned. Generally speaking you may need a cold pressure as low as 1 bar at 20C to achieve a hot pressure of 1.9 bar at operating temp for example.

This can lead to a very soft tyre in the early laps and it can take 50km or more for the final pressure to be achieved. Solutions to this can be to make the casing less pressure sensitive - i.e. stiffer, or mitigate the situation by putting the tyres in the sun to reduce the difference between start and hot operating temp.

If you have to pit for fuel, but can't change tyres I can imagine you could be closer to the optimum hot pressure for more of the time if you start with higher colds and bleed back at the stop. The higher colds might allow you better performance (correct stiffness) earlier enabling you to get the best from the compound and get track position. That's speculation on my part.

As for your experience Marcush - it simply suggests that you didn't have an appropriate mechanical setup for the tyres. Unfortunately there are solutions in both directions; softer to reduce load variation or stiffer to load the compound harder.

In that situation I'd probably do a setup DOE of soft and stiff springs a couple of total damping force options (area under the curve) with a couple of compression:rebound ratios and a couple of low:high speed splits (knee position).

Ben

ubrben
ubrben
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Joined: 28 Feb 2009, 22:31

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Incidentally this is one are where you still need practical experience of your tyres for a rig test to be relevant.

A good example was some rig testing that DaveW did for some customers a while ago. Two customers each with the same chassis, engine and tyre combination. the first car had a relatively poor PI as defined by Dave's test and this was improved significantly leading to less graining of the compound and more grip.

The second car had a lower PI to start with and had it reduced further. They simply couldn't get any heat into the compound and never performed that well.

This isn't to devalue the rig test - tyre stiffness values suggested by it have made me look good on more than one occasion :-) but you have to have a context of track and tyre experience to interpret the results.

Ben

marcush.
marcush.
159
Joined: 09 Mar 2004, 16:55

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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ubrben wrote:In ALMS we have a lot of "fun" dealing with tyre warmers being banned. Generally speaking you may need a cold pressure as low as 1 bar at 20C to achieve a hot pressure of 1.9 bar at operating temp for example.

This can lead to a very soft tyre in the early laps and it can take 50km or more for the final pressure to be achieved. Solutions to this can be to make the casing less pressure sensitive - i.e. stiffer, or mitigate the situation by putting the tyres in the sun to reduce the difference between start and hot operating temp.

If you have to pit for fuel, but can't change tyres I can imagine you could be closer to the optimum hot pressure for more of the time if you start with higher colds and bleed back at the stop. The higher colds might allow you better performance (correct stiffness) earlier enabling you to get the best from the compound and get track position. That's speculation on my part.

As for your experience Marcush - it simply suggests that you didn't have an appropriate mechanical setup for the tyres. Unfortunately there are solutions in both directions; softer to reduce load variation or stiffer to load the compound harder.

In that situation I'd probably do a setup DOE of soft and stiff springs a couple of total damping force options (area under the curve) with a couple of compression:rebound ratios and a couple of low:high speed splits (knee position).

Ben
what can I say... maybe that my main profession at that time was with a swedish damper company ,roehrig dyno etc.. ? so in a nutshell we experimented a lot with this... :mrgreen:

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747heavy
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Joined: 06 Jul 2010, 21:45

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Hello Marcus,

What, in your opinion, is then the reason for not running?
As I said, they do run more this year, due to the lack of track testing,
but if you go a few years back, you will see, that the top teams would maybe only
run for a handful of laps in FP1. Why??

You can allways learn something - agreed, but running an F1 car is not cheap,
and with limits on engine and g/box use, you have to choose wisely.

To account for the "rubbering inn" effect, you need expirience, and is at the end
an assumption or guess. And yes, I agree, that if you have a downpour or a dramatic
change in temperature, you are left to do the best you can under this new condition.
But what is the probability for this to happen?

As far as your expirience with this particular car goes.
Well you got yourself in a bit of trouble here (IMHO) :) .
It sounds like that there was little, which did not change on the car.
It would help to know a bit more about the car in question, otherwise it is not possible to make some valid comments on it.

But let´s have some thoughts.

If I wanted to tease you a little bit, I would say, your dampers where the main problem. :lol: - just kidding

Let´s start with the tire. It looks to me, that you have not the optimum tire for the car in question. Now there are maybe good reasons for it, life is not perfect, and you have to make the best of what you got.

But if it is the "wrong" tire to start with, it will affect all your other setup options.
This goes for many other areas of the car as well. Because one thing follows onto another, and these small compromises will add up in the end.

If you have worked (or still work) in the field of dampers, I assume you have seen this often. Dampers are very important and a very powerful tool, no question about this.
But, in my expirience they are also (especially in junior categories), the tool which is abused the most.
Often they are used to fix other problems, because it is far more easy to make a few clicks, then for example change your suspension kinematic to get a better roll centre height, or to fix the bumpsteer/torque steer problem that you may have.

I´m sure you will have seen, some strange things in your field of work.
Things wich may make no sense at all, until you understand the underlying problem.

An example would be, the use off crazy stiff springs, to compensate for roll centre, bumpsteer, camber loss due to roll, or stiffness issues.
At times it is hard to get your customer out of a rout, especially, when what they did has
made their car faster.

If the car in question was (just as en example) lacking stiffness in the bodyshell and/or suspension, and this issue was fixed with the used of an welded in roll cage,you are most likely to stiff now with your setup, if it was good before, and you keep it as a starting point.

The other point is, that whenever you are far out with any parameter. Small changes will have next to no effect.
Your tire example comes to mind.
If this tire would be "way too stiff" (talking in this context vertical stiffness) for your car, because it was designed for another application, I can understand that a tire pressure change in a "sensible" range, has no effect.

If you are 200% out +/- 10% is not going to make a huge difference.
The same goes for damping, if you are way out +5 clicks is not going to help you much.
An your customer may comes to you and says "Your dampers don´t work, my drive feels nothing"

This example is just that, one example, but I have seen something like this.
I´m not saying that this is what happened to your car.

If your customer used a 240 N/mm rear spring, to compensate for an rollsteer issue, where a
80 N/mm spring for this sort of car is much more sensible.
It is hard to go there (80 N/mm), if you don´t know what the problem was to start with.
The moment you have fixed your roll steer problem, and the car develops massive oversteer, changing to a 220 or 210 N/mm spring may does not make much of a difference in this case.
And it is a leap of faith to make a 100-120% change at any one time.

Most people would not try to run half the recomended pressure in a tire, or make such a dramatic change in spring rate.
They can´t believe that they are that far out, and keep playing around with 5% or 10% changes.

What made matters worse, was that the customer would have expirienced before, that making the rear stiffer (spring), has help against the oversteer (which was caused by a massive roll steer issue).
So his first reaction was, let´s try a 300 N/mm spring.
Stiff springs in the rear help against oversteer !!! - was his mantra
The whole setup of that car was compromised, due to the roll steer issue at the rear.
So when this was fixed, we needed to change the rear spring rates, then the damping, and the front spring rates and the damping as well to come back to normal balance and finally more grip overall, and a faster car.

Before we fixed the problem, their was no way, to run a softer setup on that car, because the rollsteer problem was the overrideing factor.
What made it even more difficult to get people to reconsider their setup was the fact, that the car won races, even with the heavly compromised setup.

Now roll/bumsteer is easy to measure, even for a small team, but suspension compliance, rim deflection and torsional stiffness of your bodyshell etc., are not.

If your car in question, was running with rubber/PE bushes in the suspension arms, chances are high, that you had torque steer effects (for better or worse), and with the move to uniballs, they have changed a whole lot more, then they were thinking they do.

Everytime you discover that your car is insensetive to a change, that should be perceptable, you should ask yourself why - there is a story to be told.
If you win a race and you discover that your front ARB is broken and your driver did not feel anything, and the laptime did not change much, chances are, that your ARB is not working as you would expect it to do.

To help you, identify this sorts of problems and to get some basics right, or at least know that things are not as you expect them to be, some hardware in the loop testing, such as Dave`s 4-post rig or an K&C-test rig offer great benefits.
But again, this are just tools, so you also need somebody who know´s how to use them, and
what to look for.

Going onto Dave´s rig gives you not just the data, but also a fresh set of eyes and a different opinion on some aspects.
It´s easy to get traped in your own thoughts and way of thinking at times.
So let´s try to keep an open mind.
Normally there is more to it, then meets the eye.
Use the right tools to fix the real problem.

Sure you can work around every problem, but unless you get the real problem sorted, it´s a quick fix or a band aid, and you will compromise overall/peak performance, to gain relative
performance.
Now you need to know, what the real problem is - and that´s often the hard part.
Here expirience again comes into play.
A single number/data is maybe not of that great benefit, if you have no context.
O.K. you may know, that (as an example) your tire stiffness is 270 N/mm for a given pressure and camber etc., what does it tell you, with your problem??
It would help to know, that maybe 220 N/mm is a more comon or better value for your car.
Now, you can go (if permitted by the rules) and try finding a tire in the size you need, which has this stiffness or is closer,


Quick thought regarding tire data. All the data are of no great use, if you can´t quantify/don´t know your current position relative to the optimum shown in the data.
As a example, Dunlop/Bridgestone or whoever gives me a camber vs. lateral grip graph.
How do I know what my camber in the middle of the corner is.

Please don´t say, are it´s easy I look into my kinematic software.
Do we know what is the deflection of our rim under load? Do we know what is the deflection
of your wishbones? How much movement there is in our wheelbearings? etc. etc.
Sure all of that can be measured, but only a few people realy do.

So for many people (especially in junior categories) tire data are not that useful.
Especially, if it is the only tire permitted to use.

Some tire companies will may give you "dummy/default" data, to make you feel happy and good.
If you can come back to them and point out where you think there are some discrepancies
between what they say and what you see, they will take you serious, and may provide you
with more accurate data.
If not, they will know, that you don´t need better data anyway.

BTW - Dunlop do provide some data for the DTM tires, at least to the DTM teams.


Markus, just out of curiosity - what was the problem with the car. Was the car sliding, or had it a odd balance, what was the limiting factor?
Why could the drive not warm up the tires?
If you don´t mind to share.
"Make the suspension adjustable and they will adjust it wrong ......
look what they can do to a carburetor in just a few moments of stupidity with a screwdriver."
- Colin Chapman

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” - Leonardo da Vinci

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JohnsonsEvilTwin
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Joined: 29 Jan 2010, 11:51
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Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Wow 747,

Remarkable post! I actually get alot of what you are saying.
Thank you once again =D>
More could have been done.
David Purley

Jersey Tom
Jersey Tom
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Joined: 29 May 2006, 20:49
Location: Huntersville, NC

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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747heavy wrote:As a example, Dunlop/Bridgestone or whoever gives me a camber vs. lateral grip graph.
How do I know what my camber in the middle of the corner is.

Please don´t say, are it´s easy I look into my kinematic software.
Do we know what is the deflection of our rim under load? Do we know what is the deflection
of your wishbones? How much movement there is in our wheelbearings? etc. etc.
Sure all of that can be measured, but only a few people realy do.
Toss car on SPMM.. all questions answered.
Grip is a four letter word. All opinions are my own and not those of current or previous employers.

marcush.
marcush.
159
Joined: 09 Mar 2004, 16:55

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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with regard to the teams not sending the cars out ...I´m pretty sure they are trying to be a bit too smart at times and saving money is the last factor on their list.Even if think you know it all you still could evaluate things useful to perfect or validate your simulations....I´m not the guy advocating to run as much as possible ,though .But you are there ,you can try options and gain experience.
It is not as if all teams could claim they have a handle on all parameters when it comes to quali in these days.. and that is a lack of reliable relevant data .

we see again and again that teams making a sport out of it of just how late you can go out...with no margin for something unexpected happening ..and having to pay for that sort of gamble...

what is more important ,a clear lap or a track that is maybe 1 or two tenths quicker potentially in the dying moments due to more rubber laid..but almost impossible to find a slot big enough for your car...
my perception is that all drivers are giving away a lot more by exploring the wrong side of the limit too much in these laps..

Or if I happen to be at risk to be only 10th in Q3,like Schumacher ,why not do my first run on primes
and do the second run on options and see if I can improve enough to justify the use of the softer tyre that will most likely be more suited to the second half of the race...why would they not even try a odd strategy when it makes sense ...but then start to do funny things as soon as a pacecar sign is shown...maybe I´m too cheeky there ...but as a passionate racer behind the pitwall ,sometimes things are too obvious ...

As for sharing info about that non working tire experience ... well its´quite a few years now..and no i´m not working in the racing business anymore (family and racing don´t mix very well, but the bug itches stronly these days. ... :mrgreen: )
I can tell you ..the dampers were one of the problems .. or better one of the solutions .. :mrgreen: ,but frankly speaking the field you are discribing was
thoroughly worked on back then ...and the real solution was to increase downforce dramatically .The other route pursued that worked surprisingly good was to introduce some slack into suspension components ...(kidding there ,but as the components showed wear after the 24h race the situation improved as well!)and I hear that elastokinematics is something not unheard of in current F1....
The one thing that rattled me back then was the comments of the drivers who were
all full of praise for the setup and balance of the thing ..only the times were too slow ...the car was a killer in damp and wet conditions though ....and please don´t say it was too soft ....it was not .. not in springs ,most likely not in rigidity (works motorsports shell from BMW ...should be a decent starting point..)
But the car and team were history too soon ,lack of funds is not uncommon in racing...

The key is to identify the root course,understand and solve the problem -this is what it is all about-

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747heavy
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Joined: 06 Jul 2010, 21:45

Re: How can teams resolve tyre issues?

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Comes back to the old saying then:

"Downforce is like money - it helps a lot to have it" :lol:


Thanks Marcus

Do the car used a different tire in the damp/wet conditions? - not jokeing here.
As it seems, that the current F1 cars are better/have less tire heat related problems on Intermediates as well, why the setup is still for the slick tire.

May indicating that the tire construction is better "suited" to the car.
"Make the suspension adjustable and they will adjust it wrong ......
look what they can do to a carburetor in just a few moments of stupidity with a screwdriver."
- Colin Chapman

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” - Leonardo da Vinci