Ok, I'll try another way.
Say there are golf balls under the car as it is driving over them at 200 mph. The exhaust would push them outward, and then the cross-flow (and the flow inward toward the diffuser, if the air does that) would then begin to push the golf ball inwards, either merely slowing it down or even in toward the diffuser; however, since it has more mass than the air, it would take a while for it get pushed inward by the air, and might just end up following an entirely different trajectory.
Now, applying the dust, it is still heavier than air, so it will not follow the same trajectory as airflow. It's that simple. It might be close to the same trajectory, depending how light the particles are, but it will not be the same.
Here's the important part:
For anything to get pushed by air, obviously the air is travelling at a different velocity (speed with a direction vector). It can't work any other way.