Most of 2005 engines are already on the dyno or will be in the next weeks and that means that the design started at least 8-9 months ago.
I guess you know better than my source, some guy Norbert Haug, who a couple of months ago stated that they had been designing next years engine already for two months. Lets not confuse engine with gearbox.
Most of teams start the design of the new car in March, April. The top teams actually already have design groups investigating solutions for the 2006 cars.
But surely this isn't the same as designing the car. Other teams (except renault I think) will only start designing their next years car in the coming months, as their focus is in the current car. Ferrari said it will no longer develop the car, and therefore can focus all it's attention on the next years racer instead. Even Adrian Newey said developing two cars at the same time is a hell, and that he doesn't want to do it again. The best time for desgning the car, according to him, is the winterbreak. Naturally they are sketching and trying some ideas as we speak, but they don't design the actual car, whereas ferrari was already designing their actual car.